What Every Non-Citizen Should Know Before Traveling Within the U.S.

For citizens and non-citizens alike, planning a trip across the country used to feel somewhat simple. Today, however, with shifting immigration policies and increased enforcement at airports, many permanent residents and visa holders feel uneasy about domestic travel. What do you actually need to know before you fly, drive, or take a bus or train inside the United States?

Here’s the short answer:

• Carry the right documents every time you travel.
• Check your I-94 status before you make plans, if you are a current visa holder.
• Understand that TSA shares your data with ICE.
• Know your right to opt out of facial recognition scans.
• Be aware of high-risk states and the border zone.
• Take criminal history seriously as a travel risk.
• Know exactly what to do if you’re stopped or questioned.

At Vrapi Weeks, we understand the stress and concern that both domestic and international traveling can bring up for immigrants. Our team is here to help you prepare appropriately before embarking on any travel plans.

1. Carry the Right Documents

You should never travel without proof of your status. What you need to carry will depend on your situation:

• Green card holders: Federal law requires you to carry your green card at all times if you’re 18 or older. Your green card also works as TSA-accepted ID, so you don’t need a separate REAL ID to fly.
• Visa holders: Always bring your passport, a printed I-94, and your I-797 approval notice. F-1 and J-1 students should also carry Form I-20 or DS-2019.

Keep digital and physical copies with you in case the originals are confiscated.

2. Visa Holders: Watch Your I-94

For those in the U.S. on a temporary visa, your biggest risk is an expired I-94. Your I-94, not the visa stamp in your passport, controls how long you may legally stay.

Check your date at i94.cbp.dhs.gov before booking any travel. You could fall out of status without realizing it if you, for instance, change employers without an approved H-1B transfer; drop below full-time enrollment as an F-1 student; work without proper authorization; or stay past your I-94 date. If your I-94 has expired, call an attorney before you travel.

3. TSA Shares Your Data With ICE

When you fly domestically, TSA shares passenger information with ICE. Agents then cross-check that data against existing removal orders and warrants. ICE is already present at many airports to carry out arrests.

This matters most if you have a pending removal order, an outstanding warrant, or any criminal history. If any of these apply, speak with your attorney before flying.

4. You Can Opt Out of Facial Recognition

TSA expanded facial recognition to 65 airports in early 2026. For domestic flights, however, you currently have the right to opt out. Simply say: “I am opting out of facial recognition. I would like manual ID verification.” If an agent refuses, ask for a supervisor.

5. High-Risk States and the Border Zone

Where you travel to and through affects your risk:

• High-risk states: Places like Alabama, Texas, and Florida have laws that may lead to detention during routine traffic stops.
• The 100-mile border zone: Border Patrol can board buses and trains within 100 miles of any U.S. border without a warrant. This covers all of Florida and Michigan, parts of New England, and large stretches of California, Arizona, and Texas.

If you have any concerns about your immigration status, talk with your attorney before traveling through these areas.

6. Criminal History Is a Risk Factor

An old misdemeanor, or plea deal can make you removable, even with a green card or valid visa. You should never accept a criminal plea without first consulting an immigration attorney.

7. What to Do if You’re Stopped or Detained

If you are questioned, stay composed and remember these steps:

• Stay calm. Don’t run, argue, or resist.
• Present your ID. Green card holders must show their card on demand. Visa holders can show a passport but don’t have to disclose their visa category.
• Opt out of the facial scan using the language above.
• Exercise your right to remain silent and ask to speak with an attorney.
• Do not sign anything, especially a “Voluntary Departure” form. Signing can permanently waive your right to a hearing with an immigration judge.

Before You Book, Talk to an Attorney

Preparation for travel in this current political climate often goes far beyond a well-constructed packing list. It involves confirming your immigration status, bringing the right documents with you at all times, and knowing your rights if questioned.

If you have any doubts about your status or concerns about your travel plans, schedule a consultation with a trusted immigration attorney at Vrapi Weeks. We can review your situation, answer your questions, and help you find ways to travel with confidence.

How Can Vrapi Weeks Immigration Attorneys Help?

Vrapi Weeks immigration attorneys have a dedicated team of professionals with expertise in immigration matters filed for family members, immigration matters filed by employers, and immigration matters filed by individuals. We handle many types of immigration matters and can assist you with green card applications, work permits, waivers, employment-based visas, and family-based visas. If you have questions or would like for our local attorneys to evaluate your options, please schedule a consultation with our experienced team of immigration lawyers at Vrapi Weeks today.